Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning and development. ADHD affects people of all ages, impacting various aspects of life, including academic performance, work productivity, and social relationships.
ADHD symptoms fall into three main categories:
Inattention: Difficulty focusing on tasks, easy distractibility, forgetfulness in daily activities, trouble following instructions
Hyperactivity: Fidgeting or squirming, difficulty sitting still, excessive talking, always being “on the go”
Impulsivity: Acting without thinking, interrupting others, difficulty waiting for one’s turn, making rash decisions
ADHD is currently classified into three presentations:
ADHD, Combined Type: Exhibits both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms.
ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive Type: Primarily shows symptoms of inattention (formerly known as ADD).
ADHD, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: Mainly displays hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms.
Diagnosing ADHD involves a comprehensive evaluation by a qualified mental health professional. This typically includes clinical interviews, behavioral observations, standardized rating scales, medical history reviews, and cognitive assessments. It’s important to note that other conditions can also cause many ADHD symptoms, so a thorough assessment is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
ADHD is typically managed through a combination of approaches:
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- Medication: Stimulant and non-stimulant medications can help manage symptoms.
- Behavioral Therapy: Techniques to improve organization, time management, and social skills.
- Therapeutic Interventions: Approaches like: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can Helps in managing negative thought patterns and behaviors.
- Educational Support: Accommodations and strategies to improve academic performance.
- Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and improved sleep habits can help manage symptoms.
